Central Bank Independence On Inflation Rate -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine About The Central Bank Independence On Inflation Rate? Answer: Presentation The following part is identified with the writing audit on investigating the impact of freedom of national bank on the pace of expansion. The diverse examination is required to be distinguished in a powerful way as this will help in understanding the impact of the CBI changes on the pace of inflation(Bodenstein, Erceg and Guerrieri 2017). The whole writing survey will help in comprehension the distinctive CBI changes as this will help in accomplishing the steady sort of data in a viable way. The writing survey will help in talking about the diverse extremist nations, the CBI changes don't influence the swelling paces of such nations. The diverse perspective on the creators will be tended to in the following area of writing audit that will help in breaking down the political sort of shakiness and the impact of autonomy of national bank in a successful manner(Reis 2015). So, the administrations profit by national bank that helped them in expanding the flexibly of cash in a compelling way. There are distinctive sort of systems that must be considered adequately for evaluating the various impacts in a successful way. The arrangement structure that is money related in nature will help in impacting the action that is macroeconomic in nature in three unique habits that are as per the following: There is momentary exchange off between swelling levels and joblessness that can be appeared with the assistance of Phillips bend exchange off There is for quite some time run exchange off between the various vacillations in swelling alongside genuine action that can be appeared with the assistance of Taylor exchange off The pattern development will be appeared as genuine GDP Writing Review As per Blancheton(2016), there is a negative sort of connection between level of the bank relationship of national bank alongside expansion. Nonetheless, then again, it very well may be seen that Edwards (2015) remarked that CBI has no impact on bringing down of the swelling and there is prerequisite of the distinctive examination required for equivalent to well. It very well may be seen that there are various nations, for example, North America, Oceania and Northern Europe that will help them in understanding the impacts of CBI on swelling in various countries(Fernndez-Alberto 2015). In addition, there are diverse sort of past examinations that helped in demonstrating the different nations that confronted distinctive sort of impacts of CBI changes. Doumpos, Gaganisand Pasiouras(2015)concluded that issues identified with swelling must be unraveled as this will help in concentrating on the difference in the CBI instead of level of CBI. Also, it very well may be seen that Bodea and Higashijima(2017) utilized diverse irregular impacts alongside arbitrary model of coefficient that helped them in indicating that the various changes of CBI are not significant and it was that the CBI changes were not regarding affecting the pace of expansion. Sims (2016) remarked that the administrations will profit by the national banks and this will help them in expanding the flexibly of the cash alongside expansion. The growing the administration use will be financed with credits from various non-autonomous sort of national banks. Then again, Neuenkirchand Neumeier(2015) remarked that the greater part of the administration organizations in the whole world want to use the financial approach that is far reaching in nature financed by various sort of gracefully of cash as this will help the organizations in adjusting the flexibly of cash in a viable way. Moreover, the fundamental goals of the national bank helped in settling the buyer value record as this will help in encouraging and keeping up harmony of the equalization of the installments that is worldwide in nature(Rey 2015). The financial sort of downturn and stagflation will be caused that will influence the expansion in swelling alongside gracefully of cash. It helped in planning the money related approach that will manage the pace of expansion and this will assist the national keep money with creating beneficial outcome on the pace of swelling as well(Bodea, and Hicks 2015). Besides, it very well may be seen that there are distinctive sort of impacts of swelling on long haul development wherein there are diverse sort of studies that has been led and this has helped in understanding the whole connection between monetary development and expansion that will help in examining that low sort of swelling is useful for the whole development of the economy in a powerful way. Masciandaro and Romelli (2015) remarked that there are distinctive sort of studies that has been led wherein it has been seen that fundamental subsidizing is that the higher pace of expansion obliges the financial development that is low in nature. Moreover, it has been seen that there are unfriendly impacts of the higher pace of swelling on the diverse financial sort of results that is basic in nature (Garriga 2016). This sort of example has helped in indicating that the pace of swelling is in overabundance sum that is more than 15-20% that can't be separated and this will require additional exertion in making the pace of expansion compelling. The new sort of list of the national bank autonomy alongside the focusing of impact has not many linkages that must be dissected in a powerful way. The whole new sort of record of the national bank freedom and the focusing on that was developed in a viable way and is considered as the total of numerical qualities that is relegated to in excess of thirty eight game plans that is institutional in nature. It has been seen that there are diverse sort of conditions wherein the organizations need to comprehend the issues between the autonomy of the national bank and the pace of swelling. There are various issues in the pace of expansion wherein the distinctive sort of wellsprings of columns must be examined and distinguished in a successful way. The national bank autonomy must be investigated in such a way, that wills the organization in illuminating such issues viably. These sorts of administrations must be investigated viably as this will incorporate the inclusion of the three distinct mainstays of the national bank autonomy alongside the pace of swelling. Structure of the Index There are diverse sort of mainstays of the whole record that incorporates the legitimate and political sort of national bank wherein the national bank autonomy alludes to the distinctive opportunity and adaptability that is required to be allowed to the whole national bank by enactment. There are distinctive observational discoveries that have helped in breaking down that the national bank alludes to the diverse administrative insurance of the distinctive arrangement and operational detailing sort of movement in the manner or procedure that is required to be implemented wherein the law will be authorized in a viable way. The second sort of column is the national bank direct of fiscal arrangement and lead of administration that will incorporate diverse sort of highlights that incorporate money related approach procedures and financial strategy targets alongside the approach of swapping scale in a successful way. This sort of second column will help in oversight of the bank, monetary and money related freedom (Masciandaro and Romelli 2015). The third sort of mainstay of the whole file is the national bank straightforwardness alongside responsibility. The straightforwardness in the national bank will help in understanding the level of the comprehension of the whole financial approach alongside procedure of strategy choices by the general population in a strong way. Moreover, it has been seen that the national bank have been related with the distinctive sort of mystery as the national bank will turn out to be progressively autonomous that should be increasingly responsible in nature. The model The whole observational proof on the whole execution of the national banks autonomy that don't propose qualified access. In any case, there are diverse sort of cases wherein the consistency of the files depend on various sort of translations of the statuses of the national bank autonomy and this aides in dissecting just as estimating the freedom of the national bank. What's more, there are connections between's the national bank autonomy alongside the exhibition of the diverse sort of factors that is macroeconomic in nature. It is the component of the information wherein it has been seen that the pace of normal expansion control the whole economy and it is lower in nature when the distinctive sort of medicines of the law (Bodea and Higashijima 2017). Moreover, it has been seen that expansion in the genuine development of the total national output of the adaptable sort of swelling rates is the wonderful sort of result. It has been seen that the extent of the impact of the national bank freedom has helped in understanding that different powers will help in contributing towards the expansion in the development of the genuine GDP (Fernndez-Albertos 2015). There are various types of bends that have various impacts that will incorporate examination of the distinctive sort of issues that will help in seeing such issues in a viable way. The distinctive freedom of the national bank has helped in comprehension and breaking down that the serious extent and level of national bank political alongside legitimate sort of autonomy. It helps in breaking down the monetary writing that helps in giving effect of the national bank autonomy in a viable way. One of the various types of far reaching examines has helped in understanding that there is a connection between the expansion rate and national bank autonomy. It helps in affirming that there is negative sort of connection among freedom and swelling rate that must be investigated in a useful way. In any case, there are distinctive sort of commitments that is required to be made in an e

Economic Indicators Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Monetary Indicators Paper - Essay Example structures at a level beneath full business then money related and financial approach renders a positive effect by expanding work as opposed to just causing expansion or coordinating the assets towards wasteful use so as to make occupations. Th paper contemplates the car business with the assistance of the six financial markers †genuine GDP, Unemployment rate, Inflation rate estimated by the Consumer Price Index (CPI), Auto Sales, Foreign Exchange Rate and Oil and Fuel Prices. The investigation focusses basically on the swelling rate which thusly influences different pointers just as the business and an entirety. Genuine GDP: This is the proportion of the complete yield delivered during a particular timeframe inside a specific region. This is estimated at steady costs so as to modify for the swelling rate. This aides in estimaitng the size of the economy with ajdustment in costs and expansion rates. Joblessness rate: We think about the status of joblessness for a specific person when the person in question is anxious to work yet is without work. The level of the potential work power who are joblessness is assessed as the joblessness rate. Joblessness is frequently identified with the recessionary period of an economy or a business cycle. As creation falls during downturn, so as to cut he cost, work is conserved and an abrupt joblessness may emerge. Expansion rate: This alludes to the pace of increment in a specific value list. Normally Consumer Price Index is utilized to reflect swelling. This is characterized as the rate change in cost. level over a specific timeframe. On the other hand, swelling rate is additionally the decline in buying influence of cash. With increment in costs buying influence falls, cash flexibly in the economy rises while the gracefully or creation falls. The car business assumed a significant job during the 1920s when the US economy developed at a quickened rate making an ever increasing number of occupations and salary. In the late 1980s, with the expansion in rivalry with the outside

5 Ways To Put The Power Of Twitter To Work

5 Ways To Put The Power Of Twitter To Work Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!5 Ways To Put The Power Of Twitter To Work For Your BusinessUpdated On 19/09/2018Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : TwitterShort URL : http://hbb.me/1SdWsUg CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogTechnology has forever altered the landscape of Business. One of the biggest areas that have been affected is communication with people being able to connect with each other at the touch of a button. Along the lines of communication, Social Media, especially the power of Twitter, has become an indispensable asset for businesses of every shape and size. Twitter has emerged as a handy tool to help companies, organizations, and entrepreneurs direct traffic to websites, find new customers and boost sales. By sharing posts that matter, utilizing pictures and hashtags, and interacting with followers, the instant message sharing service puts the power of communication directly into the hands of businesses.Power Of Twitter To Work For Your Business1. Posts That MatterSince users follow Twitter accounts to get inside news, up to date information, and informative facts, sharing posts and article relevant to the audience is the key to grow the reach of the account. For example, Louis Ceruzzi shares articles related to real estate and design, which are areas of expertise, to attract more followers. The relevance of the material shared keeps users looking for more updates, and that anticipation creates and drives growth for the social media account.2. PicturesPeople respond to pictures. Businesses and organizations that share photos and images related to their respective fields can reap the rewards that go along with that public response. Posts containing photos can be re-shared, commented on, and favorited, which are all factors that help elevate the post in search functions. Simply by having a popular post helps the organization grow the audience following along with the acco unt, and an increased follower count equates to more influence via social media.3. HashtagsHashtags are at the center of the Twitter universe. The short phrases or keywords identify important elements in the post. Because post is searchable via hashtags, utilizing them in posts is vital to the growth of an account. Companies that actively use the valuable search tools in Twitter updates enhance their presence in the search rankings, which captures a wider audience and gets those posts seen by more users.READHow to Effectively Use Twitter Lists4. Interact With FollowersCommunication is a cornerstone of social media. While followers will share, comment, like, and more, the company or organization needs to respond in kind. After all, communication is a two-way street. By replying and answering questions, the company puts a voice to the account and humanizes the organization. Plus, users and customers love getting fast answers to questions and comments, and Twitter excels at getting tha t task completed effortlessly.5. Regular UpdatesThe layout of Twitter keeps users coming back to the social media giant to see what is new. While it is important to capitalize on keywords and hashtags, regular posts are also integral to the success of the business account. Because every industry and every business is different, some trial and error is necessary to identify the best strategy for a given organization. Once the best method is identified, the formula can be tweaked and altered to drive continual improvement and growth. In short, staying visible in the timelines of users makes a huge difference in the exposure of the account and corresponds directly to the effectiveness of Twitter for the organization.In the end, Twitter brings customers, businesses, vendors, employees, and people from all walks of life together. Companies that harness the power of instant communication through social media can take advantage of the traffic driving and exposure generating power of Twitte r. By posting regular updates, sharing relevant articles, and incorporating pictures and hashtags into posts, businesses in any industry can get their share of the social media phenomenon. Technology has brought communication into the hands of just about everyone imaginable, and companies have the power and ability to stay in the minds of consumers on a moment’s notice. The power of social media is one particular benefit that is not going away anytime soon, which underscores the importance of incorporating a Twitter account into a public relations campaign.

Personal Freedom And Capitalism Of The United States

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Essay on A Brief History Of Time by Stephen Hawking

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The Best the Worst Presidents free essay sample

In the past years we have had the total of 44 presidents. Some have been ok or good presidents. But we have also had are share fair of worst or bad presidents. All though I can sit hear and write about all of them and tell you what I think of each and single one, I’m not going to do that. What I will do is am going to talk to you about the two presidents that I think is the absolute worst and the absolute best. Ok ok maybe no the absolute but the ones that I think should be and that deserve those titles. For best president I would definitely nominate Bill Clinton.And for worst president I nominate George W. Bush. So now I will tell you why I nominate them and why I think that they deserve that title. When I read the question that asks who I thought was the best president Bill Clinton was the first name that came to mine. We will write a custom essay sample on The Best the Worst Presidents or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I am not saying that there has not been another good president I’m just saying that he should defiantly get the title. Not only because when he was in office he maid the economy grow he also balanced the budget. When Clinton did this everyone was so happy. Bill Clinton was in office from 1993 to 2001. He was are 42nd president.He was also the first democratic president since Franklin Roosevelt second term. In 1975 he married Hillary Rodham who whit he later consumed a child with. When he was in office he did huge changes. He wanted to do be able to celebrate the new millennium. When he was in office their was a scandal in witch Monica Lewinsky came out and put a sexual harassment law suit on him. And said that the both of them had been involved sexually. Their where many scandals about Clinton having harassed girls but the only two that he actually admitted to where the Lewinsky’s and the flowers cases.

10 of the top nursing programs in the United States

10 of the top nursing programs in the United States So you want to be a nurse? That’s great! You’ll have to study up and get certified as the first few steps on the exciting journey to come. That’s where a nursing program comes in. We’ve compiled a list of the best places to complete your training. Here’s a list of 10 of the top programs in the United States, in no particular order.1. Columbia University- New York, NYColumbia University School of Nursing offers a unique post-graduate program called the Masters Direct Entry (MDE). This program is for prospective nurses who want to go either the caregiver or the researcher route- MDE students complete curriculum with the goal of earning a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) or a PhD in nursing research. After the 15-month program, graduates can take the NCLEX exam (the standardized nurse licensing exam), and then go on to Columbia Nursing’s DNP program or to pursue a PhD path of study.2. Duke University- Durham, NCDuke’s nursing program is p art of Duke University Medical Center in the middle of an area known as the Research Triangle- where there are more PhDs per square foot than most places in the world! The nursing school offers several different programs, including MS in Nursing, ABSN, and post-doctoral fellowships. And nurses are in high demand in North Carolina, where at least an Associate’s degree is required.3. Azusa Pacific University- Azusa, CAThis is a Christian college in sunny California that offers a diverse, mid-sized student body, and where nursing is the most popular major. Graduates of Azusa who go into nursing earn an average salary of $67,000 per year.4. UCLA- Los Angeles, CAThe UCLA BA in nursing is one of the most competitive fields on campus, so be sure to have your ducks in a row. Though if you’re lucky enough to graduate, you can expect to earn an average of $65,000 per year. They also offer master’s and PhD programs in nursing.5. Villanova University- Villanova, PAGet exper ience with nursing in the big city, while living and studying in the leafy suburbs. The nursing program’s graduates boast an average annual salary of about $63,000, with an 86% on-time graduation rate.6. Johns Hopkins University- Baltimore, MDThis university has a very strong reputation where the medical field is concerned. There’s a world-renowned faculty, plus the opportunity to pursue advanced degrees. You’ll have a great boost to start your nursing career, and your starting salary will average between $56,000 and $73,000 per year.7. George Washington University- Washington, D.C.George Washington’s School of Medical and Health Sciences is a leader in the fields of medical academia and research. And the GW hospital is a renowned medical center and teaching hospital. Graduating from GW with a BS in nursing will net you an average early career salary of $64,000.8. New York University- New York, NYNYU’s College of Nursing is a great choice to prepar e you for the battles ahead in your career. You’ll be taught in their hands-on Clinical Simulation Learning Center, making sure you’re well versed in all the latest practices and research. You can either do a 15-month accelerated program or a traditional four-year degree. Almost all of NYU’s students pass their licensing exams for RN work, and usually earn the highest early career average salary, at about $71,000 per year.9. Molloy College- Rockville Center, NYIf you want a smaller environment with a liberal arts bent and good Catholic values, this might be the place for you. Small class sizes and challenging coursework will help prepare you for your career ahead. The immersive nursing program culminates in a one-on-one practicum. Work towards an LPN or an RN degree. Gain an advanced degree or a specific certification even. And expect to make a highly competitive average salary through your mid-career as a Molloy nursing grad.10. University of Pennsylvania- Phil adelphia, PAHere’s another Ivy League that’s known for its demanding curricula. You can either pursue a BS in Nursing or enter the Hillman Scholars Program in Nursing Innovation to pursue a dual degree program culminating in a PhD. You can expect to make an average of $63,0000 in your early career, then about $87,000 mid-career.

5 Tips for Making the Most of Your Journal Submission Cover Letter

5 Tips for Making the Most of Your Journal Submission Cover Letter Whether you plan to publish your research in a top-tier journal or in a lesser known publication, writing an impactful cover letter is a must. Editors use these letters to sift through the mounds of manuscripts they receive on a weekly basis and will judge the merits of your abilities as a researcher and writer based on them. In short- a cover letter is your opportunity to make the editor want to read more.In this article, Im going to cover five useful tips for making the most of the opportunity to catch an editors attention with a well-written cover letter.A well-written cover letter is the best way to get an editors attention if you want to publish your research in an academic journal. Photo by Andisheh A on Unsplash.Do your researchAcademic and peer-reviewed journals vary in their reach and audience. Some might publish a broad scope of topics but most are focused on certain fields of study, which means that editors know exactly what will fit in their publication and what wont. Sen ding your research to a journal without knowing their audience is a waste of time and effort, particularly if your research is outside of the journals scope.Research of the publications goals and aims, as well as prior studies they have published, will go a long way in ensuring that you dont waste your time (or the editors). Taking the time to do some background research will help you plan which journal you should send your manuscript to and which journal will be most likely to publish it.In the same sense, you should find out all you can about the person who will be reading your cover letter and making a decision on whether to include it in the publication. For example, you should address the editor by name in the salutation. If you dont know the editors name, find a recent copy of the publication or go online to look it up. It also never hurts to call the journal and ask who the editor is and make sure you have the name spelled correctly. Addressing the editor as Dear Madam or Dea r Sir, or addressing your letter to a prior editor of the publication shows that havent done the legwork needed to find the best fit for your research.After youve introduced the title of your paper, the author(s), and what type of research it is (a case study, review, etc.), it will be important to focus on why you think your work is a good fit for the publication. If the journal has published research related to the topic youve chosen, point that out by writing the title(s) and the date published. If they have published a study that calls for additional research on a certain topic and your study fulfills that aim, point that out as well. If your study fills a gap in the literature, let the editor know.Publications often have specific requests of information to be included with a manuscript or in your cover letter. Ultimately, editors of academic journals want to know that your manuscript will be worth their time if they decide to read it. They need to look at your cover letter and recognize that you are professional, a good writer, a solid researcher, and able to follow directions. If you fail to include the specific details theyve requested, your credibility as a researcher could be damaged before theyve even looked at your research. It doesnt matter how great your research is- it might not make it past the gatekeepers of academic journals if your cover letter is a mess.Include all relevant informationWhile different publications might have specific requests for information that needs to be included in a submission, there are certain things that are standard requirements for a cover letter written to an academic journal editor. These are:The title of your manuscriptThe author(s) of your manuscriptA statement noting that your manuscript has not been previously published and you havent sent it to any other editors for considerationThe background of your studyThe research question you sought to answer in your studyThe methodology you used in your researchThe si gnificance of your research and why it will be useful information to the journals audienceThe name of the journal and why you chose this particular one to submit your work toIf you fail to include the last detail, you run the risk of making your cover letter sound more like a form document that could be sent to any journal. Editors want to know that youve put in the time to find the best publication in which to publish your study. It gives them confidence that your research will be solid and interaction with you, as a writer, will be a smooth process.Keep it brief, professional and error freeYour journal submission cover letter is not the place to go into detail about your academic experience and publishing credits. Its also not the place to name drop, humor the editor, or present an abstract of your research. If the editor is interested in reading more about your research, he or she will have the manuscript to do so. Name dropping will make you seem unprofessional and unable to get your work published on its own merits.Additionally, your manuscript should be free of grammar errors or spelling mistakes. Even the slightest error could mean losing credibility with the editor, because they know if youve carelessly put together a cover letter- the one document that should sell your manuscript- youve likely dont the same with your paper. And no journal editor wants to make extensive corrections to an authors writing. It only makes their job harder and is an unattractive prospect.Carefully reviewing your cover letter for errors could make the difference between being published or passed over. Photo by Bruce Mars from Pexels.Consider following a templateA cover letter for submitting your manuscript to academic journals should be in business letter format, single-spaced, with blank lines between paragraphs. Dont indent the beginning of each paragraph and dont use a font that is difficult to read. Letterhead may be used and a date should be included, along with the sta ndard return address and recipients address.Below is a template to work around to create your journal submission letter. Keep in mind that journals have different requirements and will typically list these submission guidelines on their website. For example, some journals want you to include potential reviewers for your manuscript, along with their contact information. This template should be adapted to include everything they request, as well as specific, brief information about your research and why its important for it to be made available to their readers.Your nameYour street addressCity, State zip codeYour phone numberYour email addressDateThe editors nameThe journals nameThe journals street addressCity, State zip codeDear Ms/Mr. [editors last name],Thank you for the opportunity to submit my original research article entitled [name of article] for your consideration for publication in [name of journal]. In focusing on [the research question of your study], this work builds on p rior studies on [background information related to your research]. Through [briefly discuss your methodology], I believe it fills a gap in the literature by [summarize the significance of your research].In the June 2018 issue of [the name of the journal], you published a study by [authors name] that called for additional research in [your area of expertise]. This manuscript answers that call by presenting various case studies related to [your area of study/research and additional details about your manuscript].[Journal name] seeks to [discuss the scope or vision of the journal] and this research fulfills that aim. It has not been published and is not under consideration elsewhere because I believe your readers are the best audience for it. [Briefly explain why their readers would benefit from reading your work.]Should you find my research appropriate for your publication, I would like to suggest the following reviewers:[Names and contact information of reviewers]Thank you for your c onsideration and I look forward to your response.Sincerely,[Your name]Get someone else to look over itFor researchers, publication in a top-tier journal is an achievement that can mean significant exposure and credibility. Many higher education professors must publish in a peer-reviewed journal in order to gain tenure or even keep their job. These reasons alone should suggest that a cover letter to an academic journal is one document that can make a lot of difference in your life, career, and future. Its not a task to take lightly and should be given the time and attention needed to get it perfect.With this in mind, it is always a good idea to have someone else look over it- preferably a professional copyeditor who is familiar with what needs to go into the letter to make it shine. If you know others who have been successful in getting their research published, either in the journal to which you are applying or elsewhere, go to them for advice on your cover letter. They might have t he exact suggestion you need to make sure the editor pays attention.

Mental Health- Young Adults and depression Essay

Mental Health- Young Adults and depression - Essay Example It is estimated that about 5.8 % of males and 9.5 % of females in the world experience a depressive episode every year (WHO 2001). Depression is a condition that should be differentiated from the normal feeling of sadness and decreased mood that is normal event in everyday’s life. There are several psychiatric conditions classified by the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM IV TR) that are characterized by depressed mood also called mood disorders. All of them can be characterized in two broader groups depending if person had manic episodes which are major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. There are many subtypes of these conditions, but they are all characterized with episodes of depressed mood, diminished sense of pleasure and interest, feelings of guilt and low self esteem, feeling of low energy and worthlessness, insomnia, changes in appetite with weight loss or weight gain and other symptoms that can be a major cause of disability in the nor mal functioning of one person and other symptoms (Sadock et al 2002). ... ity to think or concentrate; indecisiveness - Recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, or specific plan for suicide (Kendler and Gardner 1998). Major depressive disorder is a condition without exact known pathopfisiology. Based on some clinical and pre - clinical trials it is suggested that disbalance of the serotonin, norepinefrine, dopamine and other neurotransmitters is the major etiological factor for depression. These conclusions are based mainly on the efficacy of serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI’s) and other specific antidepressants in treating the symptoms of major depression (Nutt 2008). The mechanism of action of these drugs is more complex than simply elevating the levels of serotonin for example, because other substances like cocaine for example that cause only short elevation of the neurotransmitter levels are not effective in controlling the symptoms of depression on a longer terms and can even cause depressive episodes (Viggiano et al. 2004). Also it is known that several weeks of treatment with antidepressive drugs are necessary in order to achieve changes in the symptoms (Quitkin et al. 1996). This suggest that the mechanism of action of antidepressants is more complex where antidepressants after the initial effect on neurotransmission trigger subsequent neuroplstic changes in the brain that will result in a longer-term in the psychologic behavior of the individual. This only suggest that other factors than serotonin levels, like social, psychological, environmental and other are important in the development and treatment of depression (Robert and Frazer 2002). Other theory that tries to implement more integrative approach in understanding the etiology of depression is Diathesis-stress model that concludes that depression

Business Organisation and Behaviour Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Organisation and Behaviour - Term Paper Example That which brings the distinction between leadership and mere management is the approach that the former uses. Many firms fail to succeed in the quest to meet their long-term objectives as they lack one of the most vital elements in the running of business organizations which is effective leadership. There is further clear difference between just leadership and an effective one. The root source of a business proliferation in the market and sustained high performance is the kind of leadership it has. The ability to gain loyalty, inspire a team and make the diverse workforce operate as a single unit is what makes leadership special. For effective functionality, it is a prerequisite that a good and healthy coordination structures are put in place commanded or regulated by an excellent leader. Many leaders, however, fail to deliver effective leadership because of the wrong and inapplicable styles that probably do not match the nature of the business they are handling or are rigid as to a ccommodate the market situation. Choosing the best leadership style is not an option if effective leadership is anticipated. Management approaches and organizational theories that businesses subscribe to largely affect, just like in leadership, their eventual performance (Griffin and Moorhead, 2012: 100). This paper aims at evaluating these factors bit by bit as it relates them to the practical case of Vodafone so as to bring out a comprehensive outcome about their interplay in the organization.

Plato and Gettier on Knowledge Essay Example for Free

Plato and Gettier on Knowledge Essay Plato in one of his most famous earliest dialogue Meno tried to provide a new way of explaining how we humans acquire knowledge. The common notion of the ancient Greeks and even to our times on how we acquire knowledge is the characteristic of knowledge to be taught and learned. Knowledge in a sense is an outside entity that resides outside ourselves. We learn outside of ourselves through our environment or other people that try to teach us. However, the events and flow of discussion in Meno had convinced Plato to provide a new framework that will be able to discuss how we acquire knowledge. Platos basic discussion says that knowledge acquisition is more in fact a matter of recollection rather than learning. We acquire knowledge and ideas from the inside of ourselves and not through the lessons outside ours. Plato rooted this from the belief of the priest and diviners and even philosophers to the immortality of the soul. The soul had existed since time immemorial making it able to know everything it needs to know. Whatever knowledge and ideas had already been embedded on the soul because of immortal existence. However, as the soul transfer from one body to another body because of the mortality of the human body, Plato argued that as the body withers and dies, all the knowledge are forgotten and put into background. From here, Plato would argue for the knowledge acquisition to be a matter of recollection and remembering of the knowledge and ideas already possessed by the soul. Plato believed that whatever we know is a recollected and remembered idea of the souls former existence. This concept was explained by Socrates to Meno with the help of Menos slave. Socrates called the slave and asked some questions regarding geometry and the measurement of some shapes. Socrates tried to ask some questions that direct the slave to answer them rightfully. It is important to note the slave is uneducated in the classical sense. However, through Socrates questions, he managed to enable to direct the slave towards right answers. This had help to prove to Meno that the soul already possessed the knowledge and opinions about everything. For Plato, this knowledge can be accessed by examining ourselves and with yourself or someone asking the right questions that will redirect you to the knowledge and ideas inside your soul. Knowledge is defined in its justification, truth and being a belief. After discussing the nature of knowledge and how we can acquire it, Socrates and Meno moved on to discuss to define opinion and its relevance on the affairs of man. The task is simple, to define opinion (true opinion) and to contrast it to knowledge. Primarily, Socrates acknowledged the role of a good opinion in the human affairs. He did not disregard it completely but rather understand its use in some cases. In fact, he acknowledges the inclination of virtuous men to rely on their true opinion to do good things. However, Socrates clearly undermines opinion; even they are good when it is contrasted to knowledge. For Plato, an opinion does not last long and easily withers in contrast to knowledge that has the capability to last eternally. The main difference lies on the presence of a rationality and grounds on knowledge and its absence of an n opinion. He used the example of a statue. He stated that the statue with that is tied in a good foundation will be able to last longer compare to a statue that is not tied. For Socrates, though an opinion can produce the same awe to an observer, it is a natural tendency for humans to ask the question of why and how. These questions cannot be answered by an opinion because of its absence of ground. In this sense, knowledge exceeds an opinion. This definition of knowledge that is characterized by Plato which is defined as a justified true belief had dominated from the ancient Greeks up to the mid-late 20th century. The general belief that knowledge for it to be referred as knowledge must be able to satisfy three basic characteristics, which is (1) justification (2) truth (3) belief was questioned by Edmund Gettiers paper entitled â€Å"Is Justified True Belief Knowledge? †. This short paper that had managed to provide a doubt to the long tradition in epistemology that considers knowledge to be a justified true belief. Edmund Gettier provided to two cases or examples will put in to question the long era of this ancient belief. He presented a case in which the three conditions are present namely justification, truth, belief yet unable to be count as knowledge because of the play of other factors. In Gettiers examples which were referred as Gettiers cases, the three criteria were only made possible by some elements of luck and chance which clearly invalidate it to be knowledge. This put an end to a long tradition of considering knowledge by the virtue of three elements of justification, truth and belief. Though the paper of Gettier did not provide an alternative view or solution to his problem, responses on his paper can be summarized to the attempts of many philosophers to look or find out for the fourth criteria that will make the definition of knowledge. Works Cited Plato. Grube G. M. A. (trans) Cooper, John (rev) Five dialogues. 2002. Hacket Publishing Company Inc. IN. Print Gettier. Edmund. Is Justified True Belief Knowledge? Web.

The Court as a Framework for Civilized Society in The Tempest Essay

The Court as a Framework for Civilized Society in The Tempest      Ã‚  Ã‚   In The Tempest, by William Shakespeare, the court is portrayed not as a place or as a group of people, but as a structure binding society together. Emphasis is placed on the court as structure by the use of the two metaphors of shape, the sphere and the circle, which combine to give the impression of the court not only as a structure with a clearly defined shape, but also as a system of hierarchical control. The first of these shape metaphors uses the neoplatonic concept of spheres, with the sovereign becoming the One Infinite Being of neoplatonic belief whose divine qualities radiate outwards in concentric circles of diminishing strength into infinity. This introduces important notions not only of the sovereign as a divine being, but also of the court as an organic body and also the formal hierarchies that were inherent in Renaissance Neoplatonism. The second shape mentioned is the circle of protection created by a magician which, although using the language of art rather than nature, and magic rather than divinity, uses once more the discourse of hierarchy, with the magician using the circle as a method of controlling the 'spirit he excites’ (11). This idea of the court as a hierarchical system which is the only way of promoting virtue seems to be linked with the other main feature of the passage: that of the court as an enclosed space.      Ã‚  Ã‚   The language of the passage refers over and over again to boundaries ('banished' (1), 'end' (2), 'concluded' (2), 'bounded' (3), 'comprehend' (4), 'contains' (8), 'excludes' (9), and 'exiled' (14), and the images of sphere and circle also suggest borders which can either contain or exclude.    .. ...terly, 43, no.3, (1992) John Gillies, 'Shakespeare's Virginian Masque' in E.L.H, 53, no.4, (1986) Jeffrey Knapp, An Empire Nowhere: England, America, and Literature from Utopia to The Tempest, (University of California Press, 1992) Anthony Pagden, European Encounters with the New World from Renaissance to Romanticism, (Yale University Press, 1993) Gail Kern Paster, 'Montaigne, Dido and The Tempest: How Came that Widow in?’Shakespeare Quarterly, 35, no.3 (1984) Linda Levy Peck, Court Patronage and Corruption in Early Stuart England, (Unwin Hyman, 1990, reprinted in paperback, Routledge 1993) Bernard W. Sheehan, Savagism and Civility: Indians and Englishmen in Colonial Virginia, (Cambridge University Press, 1980) Deborah Willis, 'Shakespeare's Tempest and the Discourse of Colonialism', Studies in English Literature 1500-1900, 29, no.2, (1989)

Advantages That Multinations Have Over Domestically Focused Companies

In this age of globalization, companies are seeking to expand businesses across borders and consequently there are more and more multinational companies. A multinational corporation is one that is based in one country while maintaining manufacturing facilities or operations offices in other countries and markets its products or services on an international basis. A multinational corporation is able to take advantage of special economically advantageous opportunities that exist in the countries where it operates, such as a low labor cost or favorable rate of currency exchange.They also enjoy access to a diversified workforce that gives them greater creative competitive edge. The reasons why companies seek to expand across borders are: to open new markets or to hold onto existing ones; to avoid tariffs or other trade restrictions; to tap new sources of raw materials and agricultural production; and to take advantage of cheap foreign labor. The most significant aspect of multinational c orporations is that they enjoy major tax and investment advantages. Tax Advantages: Business taxation varies from country to country.While there are high tax countries like the United States, Great Britain and the People's Republic of China (PRC), there are low tax countries like Belize, the Cayman Islands and the Bahamas. A multinational corporation can pick its tax jurisdiction and thus limit its tax obligations. Doing so translates instantly into greater profits. On the contrary, any domestic company will be subject to taxation on its profits in that country and there is no question of choice (Kate, 2006). Lowering Taxes:Most multinational corporations look for tax holidays when seeking a foreign base for their manufacturing plant. However the tax holiday offer is meaningless in the US and Singapore as companies in these places companies are taxed on their global income. Multinational companies enjoy the advantage of having the choice to get the best combination of location, labo r market, and government corporate benefits. Funding opportunities: Multinational corporations have regular access to funding opportunities unavailable to domestic companies.The money provided by the government in return for creating jobs reduces the multinational corporation's overhead, diminishes business risk and increases profits. It has been found that any company with an established export market outside of the manufacturing country's domestic market can recover most – almost 50-75% – of the expenditure in setting up a new plant. This is mainly because of the support of the government (Kate, 2006). Tariffs Can Be Circumvented: Multinational corporations can dodge tariffs by proper planning.If a MNC wants instant free trade access to both the EU and the USA, it will start manufacturing in Israel. If there is a low-tech product that needs free trade access to the EU, it is best to make it in Senegal, since they have a free trade agreement with France. The list of b ypasses around tariffs is long and grows as NAFTA and the EU expand (Kate, 2006). Accounting advantages: Multinational pooling arrangement is an agreement between the head office of a multinational company and an insurance network, which allows – at an accounting stage – the consolidation of the worldwide experience.This network allows: better management of the worldwide risk and improved reporting; up-front local savings due to economies of scale and potential international dividends; improved local terms & conditions due to network leverage; easier transfer of employees within the entity and reinsurance protection against individual peaks or catastrophic events (DF, 2006). Advantage of Transfer Pricing: When one part of a multinational organization in one country transfers goods, services or know-how to another part in another country, the price charged for these goods or services is called ‘transfer price'.This may be a purely arbitrary figure, meaning by this that it may be unrelated to costs incurred, may be unrelated to operations carried out or to added value. The transfer price can be set at a level which reduces or even cancels out the total tax which has to be paid by the multinational. In other words it is possible for a multinational company to minimize its liability for corporation tax by transfer pricing (Davidmann, 2006). According to the US law, multinational corporations, whether American- or foreign-owned, are supposed to pay taxes on the profits they earn in the United States.However, in reality, foreign-owned corporations doing business in the United States, typically pay far less in U. S. income taxes than domestic companies. Even U. S. -owned multinationals utilize such tax evasion loopholes. Companies try to set their â€Å"transfer prices† to shift income away from the United States and shift deductible expenses into the United States (CTJ, 2006). Asset Protection: Multinational companies often use offshore ce nters to restructure their ownership of assets. Through trusts, foundations or through an existing corporation company wealth ownership can be transferred from people to other legal entities.Many companies which are concerned about lawsuits or lenders foreclosing on outstanding debts choose to transfer a portion of their assets to an entity that holds it outside of their home country. By making these ownership transfers, these companies can escape seizure or other domestic troubles (Investopedia, 2006) . Confidentiality: Many offshore jurisdictions offer multinational companies the added advantage of secrecy legislation. These countries have enacted laws establishing strict corporate and banking confidentiality.If this confidentiality is breached, there are serious consequences for the offending party. An example of a breach of banking confidentiality is divulging customer identities; disclosing shareholders is a breach of corporate confidentiality in some jurisdictions. To a multin ational company, this secrecy of personal information can offer significant financial and legal advantage. Because nations are not required to accept the laws of a foreign government, offshore jurisdictions are, in most cases, immune to the laws that may apply where the investing company resides (Investopedia, 2006).Diversification of Businesses: Domestic companies have to follow local government regulations that restrict its international investment opportunities. Multinational companies have unlimited access to international markets and to all major exchanges. There are also many opportunities in developing nations, especially in those that are beginning to privatize sectors that were formerly under government control. Conclusion: Thus we find that multinational companies enjoy many advantages compared to local domestic companies.

The Evolution Of The Homo - 2311 Words

Our homo ancestors date back to about 2.5 million years ago. Classification of the genus Homo into species and subspecies remains poorly defined and subject to incomplete information, leading to difficulties in binomial naming, and the use of common names, such as Neanderthal and Denisovan. With that being said, many people get a misunderstanding when discussing our homo ancestors. The biggest issue is knowing what a species are actually apart of the genus homo and who isn’t. Several species, including Australopithecus garhi, Australopithecus sediba, Australopithecus africanus, and Australopithecus afarensis, have been proposed as the direct ancestor of the Homo lineage. These species have morphological features that align them with†¦show more content†¦Homo habilis had smaller molars and larger brains than the australopithecines, and made tools from stone and perhaps animal bones. One of the first known hominids, it was nicknamed handy man by discoverer Louis Leake y due to its association with stone tools. Some scientists have proposed moving this species out of Homo and into Australopithecus due to the morphology of its skeleton being more adapted to living on trees rather than to moving on two legs like Homo sapiens. Homo rudolfensis findings in Kenya have been suggested to be Homo habilis, but scientists are unsure. The fossils found from these two species are said to be from about 1.8 million years ago. Homo georgicus, named after the country Georgia, is said to possibly be an intermediate form between Homo erectus and Homo habilis or a sub species of Homo erectus. Homo erectus lived from about 1.8 million to about 70,000 years ago. Many scientist believe that the early stages of erectus, about 1.8 to 1.2 million years ago, is a separate species called Homo ergaster, seen as a sub species of erectus. In the early Pleistocene, 1.5–1 Ma, in Africa some populations of Homo habilis are thought to have evolved more complex brains and made more elaborate stone tools; these differences and others are sufficient for anthropologists to classify them as a new species, Homo erectus. The next two species are said to be a mix between Homo